Courtesy of Paul Dahan, Author provided (no reuse)Īntisemitic and anti-Black policy was also a bedrock of Benito Mussolini’s fascist Italian government, which ruled over Libya during the war. Senegalese soldiers, called ‘tirailleurs,’ on the outskirts of Casablanca during a French military campaign in 1907-1908. Hate has a shifting color wheel, however – and we learn something new when we watch its spin in wartime North Africa. When most Americans think of the nightmares of the war or the Holocaust, they think strictly of Europe. You can listen to more articles from The Conversation, narrated by Noa, here. All in all, they understood themselves to be trapped in a monstrous machine of fascism, occupation, violence and racism. Their letters, diaries, memoirs, poetry and oral histories are both defiant and broken. Together, we have spent a decade gathering the voices of the diverse peoples who endured World War II in North Africa, across lines of race, class, language and region. One of us is a historian one of us is an anthropologist. Residents lived in fear – “under the Nazi boot,” as Tunisian Jewish lawyer Paul Ghez wrote in his diary during the occupation. For the next six months, Tunisian Jews and Muslims were subjected to the Third Reich’s reign of terror, as well as its antisemitic and racist legislation. Eighty years ago, in November 1942, the Nazis occupied Tunisia.
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